Thursday, June 22, 2006

Pântano Sagrado

André Azevedo da Fonseca



Nas últimas semanas a comunidade católica uberabense tem se rejubilado com o centenário de Dom Alexandre (1906-2002), o primeiro arcebispo da cidade. Mas ao evocar a trajetória do famoso clérigo, esqueceram de mencionar aquele personagem que foi o avesso dessa moeda: trata-se de Orlando Ferreira (1886-1957), o “Doca”, livre-pensador, autor de livros banidos na cidade, como Terra Madrasta (1928), Ilusões Capitalistas (1932), Forja de Anões (1940) e Pântano Sagrado (1948).

Em um tempo onde as rixas eram resolvidas na espingarda de matadores a mando de coronéis, Doca foi um crítico agressivo das oligarquias locais, do clero e demais ordens conservadoras da cidade. Em Terra Madrasta, ao lastimar-se do atraso dos “infelizes uberabenses” dos anos 20, fez questão de pontuar as forças que, segundo ele, se opunham ao progresso de Uberaba: “1) A administração. 2) A política. 3) O clero. 4) A Empresa Força e Luz. 5) A família Borges. 6) A família Prata. 7) A família Rodrigues da Cunha.” Para ele, Uberaba não era a princesa do sertão, mas a “mucama do sertão”.

Através de cartas anônimas e sobretudo com a publicação de Pântano Sagrado, Doca insurgiu-se contra a igreja, pois ele considerava que o obscurantismo do clero era “nefasto”. Em Uberaba, por exemplo, o “Círculo Católico”, liderado a partir de 1912 pelo monarquista João Teixeira Alves, atacava comunistas e espíritas, incentivando a polícia a fechar escolas e centros kardecistas. Em 1924, por pressão da igreja, a Câmara revogara uma autorização para o funcionamento de uma escola protestante em Uberaba, que acabou sendo instalada em Juiz de Fora. O Correio Católico, jornal fundado por Dom Alexandre, difamava o espiritismo e o socialismo enquanto pregava os valores católicos. Tudo isso inflamava ainda mais o espírito anticlerical de Orlando Ferreira.

Incendiado por ideais comunistas, Doca dizia que a igreja, em vez de lutar por melhorias sociais concretas, mandava o povo rezar... Ele procurava fazer distinção entre catolicismo e cristianismo, e dizia que Jesus Cristo, “filho de operários”, era um “verdadeiro revolucionário” que pregava o comunismo para todos os povos. Contra o que chamava de “falso cristianismo dos hipócritas”, dizia que o amor cristão deveria ser posto em prática e não apenas ser objeto de palavras. “Um sujeito qualquer é muito bonzinho, veste batina, fala de Deus e abençoa, mas odeia, excomunga e gosta de dinheiro? Demônio!”. Doca chamava Pio XII de “monstro do Vaticano” e dizia que as perseguições da igreja de D. Alexandre às outras religiões era a “inquisição moderna”.

Doca foi forçado a “retratar-se” nos jornais por suas “idéias errôneas”, passou a ser tido como louco e foi banido da história de Uberaba. Mas as polêmicas entre Dom Alexandre e Orlando Ferreira são fontes preciosas para interpretar a Uberaba daquele período. Assim, o avesso da moeda também deve ser comemorado: lembrar-se de Dom Alexandre é lembrar-se também de seu mais destemido inimigo, o Doca.

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